{"id":2619,"date":"2023-04-21T14:52:53","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T06:52:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/?p=2619"},"modified":"2023-10-11T16:35:32","modified_gmt":"2023-10-11T08:35:32","slug":"somethingaboutferns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/eng\/2023\/04\/21\/somethingaboutferns\/","title":{"rendered":"Something about Ferns"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2619\" class=\"elementor elementor-2619\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b523574 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b523574\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fb4e433\" data-id=\"fb4e433\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3100365 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3100365\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.16.0 - 09-10-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span lang=\"ZH-TW\">Ferns are common plants all over the world. They are often been neglected and unappreciated, which may be due to their lack of colorful flowers and the  fact that they only have different shades of green. Yet, their presence occupies spaces where other flowering plants are not suitable to grow. Also, their horizontal \u201cstems\u201d and shallowed \u201croots\u201d can help preventing soil erosion.<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"X-NONE\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-TW\">In Taxonomy, ferns are classified as vascular plants since they have vascular systems, which transport water and nutrients efficiently. Unlike other vascular plants such as the flowering plants (angiosperms) and conifers (gymnosperms), ferns reproduce via spores, while angiosperms and gymnosperms reproduce via seeds.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-TW\">There are  3 major parts of ferns that we can observe:<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-TW\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ol><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ol><li class=\" translation-block\">The fronds, being responsible for carrying out photosynthesis, might be dimorphic that one is the sterile frond (cannot produce spores) and the other one is fertile frond (reproductive, can produce spores) ;<\/li><li><span lang=\"ZH-TW\">The rhizome<\/span><span lang=\"ZH-TW\">\uff1b<\/span><\/li><li><span lang=\"ZH-TW\">The reproductive structures called sporangia. The sporangia are found on the lower surface of the fertile frond. The clusters of sporangia are known as sori. Sori may be exposed or protected by a cover called the indusium.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><p><span lang=\"X-NONE\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-TW\">We can identify different types of ferns not only by the appearance of their fronds, but also the position and distribution of the sporangia at the lower surface of the fronds, the shape of the indusium and the sporangia, as well as the appearance of the spores. However, the sporangia and spores are very tiny, different kinds of microscopes are used to observe them.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-TW\">1.\tObserving sporangia under a stereomicroscope<\/span><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" class=\" translation-block\">It is easy to observe the specimens by using a stereomicroscope. Simply put the fern frond specimens on the stage of the stereomicroscope and use different magnifications to observe them. The range of magnification is around 6x to 50x. We can get a 3D colorful image under the stereomicroscope.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3a5bab elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d3a5bab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.16.0 - 09-10-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1749\" height=\"1241\" src=\"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Figure-1.-Lower-surface-of-frond-of-Wood-fern-Christella-parasitica.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2992\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Figure-1.-Lower-surface-of-frond-of-Wood-fern-Christella-parasitica.jpg 1749w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Figure-1.-Lower-surface-of-frond-of-Wood-fern-Christella-parasitica-300x213.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Figure-1.-Lower-surface-of-frond-of-Wood-fern-Christella-parasitica-1024x727.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Figure-1.-Lower-surface-of-frond-of-Wood-fern-Christella-parasitica-768x545.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Figure-1.-Lower-surface-of-frond-of-Wood-fern-Christella-parasitica-1536x1090.jpg 1536w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Figure-1.-Lower-surface-of-frond-of-Wood-fern-Christella-parasitica-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1749px) 100vw, 1749px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Figure 1. Lower surface of frond of Wood fern (Christella parasitica)<i>Christella parasitica<\/i> ) \u7684\u8449\u5e95 <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d70910c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d70910c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1763\" src=\"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Figure-2.-Sori-and-Sporangia-of-Wood-fern-Christella-parasitica-x30-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2995\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Figure-2.-Sori-and-Sporangia-of-Wood-fern-Christella-parasitica-x30-scaled.jpg 2560w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Figure-2.-Sori-and-Sporangia-of-Wood-fern-Christella-parasitica-x30-300x207.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Figure-2.-Sori-and-Sporangia-of-Wood-fern-Christella-parasitica-x30-1024x705.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Figure-2.-Sori-and-Sporangia-of-Wood-fern-Christella-parasitica-x30-768x529.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Figure-2.-Sori-and-Sporangia-of-Wood-fern-Christella-parasitica-x30-1536x1058.jpg 1536w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Figure-2.-Sori-and-Sporangia-of-Wood-fern-Christella-parasitica-x30-2048x1410.jpg 2048w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Figure-2.-Sori-and-Sporangia-of-Wood-fern-Christella-parasitica-x30-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text translation-block\">Figure 2. Sori and Sporangia of Wood fern (Christella parasitica) (x30)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-243f39e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"243f39e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1799\" src=\"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Figure-3.-Indusium-on-the-sorus-of-Wood-fern-Christella-parasitica-x50-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2994\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Figure-3.-Indusium-on-the-sorus-of-Wood-fern-Christella-parasitica-x50-scaled.jpg 2560w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Figure-3.-Indusium-on-the-sorus-of-Wood-fern-Christella-parasitica-x50-300x211.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Figure-3.-Indusium-on-the-sorus-of-Wood-fern-Christella-parasitica-x50-1024x720.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Figure-3.-Indusium-on-the-sorus-of-Wood-fern-Christella-parasitica-x50-768x540.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Figure-3.-Indusium-on-the-sorus-of-Wood-fern-Christella-parasitica-x50-1536x1079.jpg 1536w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Figure-3.-Indusium-on-the-sorus-of-Wood-fern-Christella-parasitica-x50-2048x1439.jpg 2048w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Figure-3.-Indusium-on-the-sorus-of-Wood-fern-Christella-parasitica-x50-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text translation-block\">Figure 3. Indusium on the sorus of Wood fern (Christella parasitica) (x50)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bee6147 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bee6147\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">2.\tObserving sporangia and spores under a compound microscope<\/span><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span lang=\"ZH-TW\">Before observing the sporangia and spore under compound microscope, we must first prepare the slides. How to prepare the slides? We can follow the steps as shown below:<\/span><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><span lang=\"X-NONE\">1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"ZH-TW\">1.\tAdd a drop of water on the slide;<\/span><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><span lang=\"X-NONE\">2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"ZH-TW\">2.\tUse a pair of forceps to transfer the sporangia and spores into the water;<\/span><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><span lang=\"X-NONE\">3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"ZH-TW\">3.\tCover the specimens with a cover slip.<\/span><span lang=\"X-NONE\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><span lang=\"X-NONE\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\" translation-block\">Now the specimen is ready to observe. The range of magnification is 40x to 400x. We can get a 2-D colorful image under compound microscopes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62e8ee8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"62e8ee8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1611\" src=\"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u56db.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50\u56ca-x200-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2998\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u56db.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50\u56ca-x200-scaled.jpg 2560w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u56db.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50\u56ca-x200-300x189.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u56db.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50\u56ca-x200-1024x645.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u56db.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50\u56ca-x200-768x483.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u56db.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50\u56ca-x200-1536x967.jpg 1536w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u56db.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50\u56ca-x200-2048x1289.jpg 2048w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u56db.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50\u56ca-x200-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text translation-block\">Figure 4. A sporangium of Wood fern (Christella parasitica) (x200)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82eba04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"82eba04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1740\" src=\"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u4e94.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50-x400-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2996\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u4e94.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50-x400-scaled.jpg 2560w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u4e94.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50-x400-300x204.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u4e94.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50-x400-1024x696.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u4e94.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50-x400-768x522.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u4e94.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50-x400-1536x1044.jpg 1536w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u4e94.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50-x400-2048x1392.jpg 2048w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u4e94.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50-x400-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text translation-block\">Figure 5. A spore of Wood fern (Christella parasitica) (x400)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3fdcb9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d3fdcb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><span lang=\"ZH-TW\">3.\tObserving the sporangia and spores under a scanning electron microscope (SEM)<\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; padding-left: 40px;\" class=\" translation-block\">For observing the sporangia and spores under a SEM, we should put the specimens on a metal stage with a conductive adhesive tape stuck on it. Place the stage and the specimens into a sputter coater for coating a thin layer of metal on the surface of the specimens. Then it is ready to observe under the SEM. The range of magnification is 60x to 30,000x. The image generated from the SEM is a 3D and black-and-white image showing the exterior surface of a specimen.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d65d7a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d65d7a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"960\" src=\"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u516d.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50-x1800.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2997\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u516d.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50-x1800.jpg 1280w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u516d.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50-x1800-300x225.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u516d.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50-x1800-1024x768.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u516d.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50-x1800-768x576.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u516d.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50-x1800-16x12.jpg 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text translation-block\">Figure 6. A spore of Wood fern (Christella parasitica) (x1,800)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6df4a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b6df4a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"960\" src=\"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u4e03.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50\u56ca-x500.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2993\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u4e03.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50\u56ca-x500.jpg 1280w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u4e03.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50\u56ca-x500-300x225.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u4e03.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50\u56ca-x500-1024x768.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u4e03.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50\u56ca-x500-768x576.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u5716\u4e03.-\u83ef\u5357\u6bdb\u8568-Christella-parasitica-\u7684\u5b62\u5b50\u56ca-x500-16x12.jpg 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text translation-block\">Figure 7. A sporangium of Wood fern (Christella parasitica) (x500)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c893b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c893b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As the external features of sporangia and spore of different fern species varies, microscopes are very useful tools for us to identify them. Different kinds of microscopes allow us to observe distinctive details of them. Ferns are very interesting plants, you might try to explore more about them!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1eb47f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1eb47f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.16.0 - 09-10-2023 *\/\n.elementor-column .elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--spacer-size)}.e-con{--container-widget-width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer{width:var(--container-widget-width,var(--spacer-size));--align-self:var(--container-widget-align-self,initial);--flex-shrink:0}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container{height:100%;width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer{height:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--container-widget-height,var(--spacer-size))}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty{position:relative;min-height:22px;min-width:22px}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;margin:auto;padding:0;width:22px;height:22px}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8eafb9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8eafb9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Author: Ms. AU Chi Yan (Biology teacher)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8568\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u5e38\u898b\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u8568\u6c92\u6709\u4e94\u984f\u516d\u8272\u7684\u82b1\u6735\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u6df1\u6dfa\u7684\u7da0\u8272\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u5ffd\u8996\u53ca\u4e0d\u88ab\u6b23\u8cde\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8568\u53ef\u4ee5&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2619"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2619"}],"version-history":[{"count":41,"href":"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2619\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3809,"href":"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2619\/revisions\/3809"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2619"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2619"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.mitlc.edu.hk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2619"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}